Durkheim and Social Fact Essay Example

Durkheim and Social Fact Essay Example Durkheim and Social Fact Essay Durkheim and Social Fact Essay Emile Durkheim’s The Rules of Sociological Method posits the being of assorted social facts’ which. harmonizing to him. should be the range of all sociological survey and discourse. Durkheim’s discourse defines societal facts as. †¦a class of facts with really typical features: it consists of ways of moving. thought and feeling. external to the person. and endowed with a power of coercion. by ground of which they control him. ( Durkheim 3 ) Therefore the three chief characteristics of societal facts are surfaced ; as being external to the person. emanating from a general and higher degree than the person and that these coerce or force an person to move in conformity to them for the intent of control. These facts. harmonizing to Durkheim. must be considered things. which he defines as worlds that may be observed and classified. These things are posited to be on the degree of society. wholly outside the kingdom of the person and are used to command a person’s ideas. actions and experiencing from being otherwise. Should a individual garbage to subject to this coercion. he would happen himself the object of negative reactions runing from ridicule. isolation or even concrete penalty or countenance. The deductions of this definition ab initio cast sociology’s field of survey as all-encompassing. mentioning to all worlds and procedures of human life and behaviour. therefore Durkheim seeks to clear up and set up the significance of the form social’ as opposed to other adjectives such as biological’ . psychological’ and philosophical’ . Each single drinks. slumbers. chows. grounds ; and it is society’s involvement that these maps be exercised in an orderly mode. If so. all these facts are counted as social facts. sociology would hold no capable affair entirely its ain. and its sphere would be confused with biological science and psychological science. ( Durkheim 1 ) As mentioned above. Durkheim perceives the societal fact as the range of sociological survey. and uses other Fieldss of survey to demo what sociology should underline. Biological facts and survey trade with features of the physical organic structure of a individual and are hence non societal. since the demand to follow these facts ( such as kiping. feeding and external respiration ) emanate from the physiological demands of an being to last. Psychological survey trades with thought procedures and phenomena that occur within an individual’s consciousness. Durkheim posits that social’ facts emanate non from one person’s consciousness nor from a person’s physiological demands. but from the degree of society itself. †¦ this term [ societal ] fits them rather good. for it is clear that. since their beginning is non the person. their substrate can be no other than society. ( Durkheim 3 ) Another deduction of his definition is that societal facts exist merely with the presence of societal establishments which enforce them and make them. For Durkheim. it is imperative to clear up that in most instances a societal establishment exists with the societal fact. but it must non be thought that for a societal fact to be. a societal establishment must be present to hold created it. Rather. the contrary of the causing is in topographic point. Social facts create societal establishments which enforce and perpetuate them. but there are besides other societal facts which do non necessitate the presence of an establishment to approve them. Durkheim defines such deinstitutionalized societal facts as social currents’ . They come to each one of us from without and carry us off in malice of ourselves. ( 4 ) He uses the illustration of crowd euphory and feeling to exemplify these. Social facts are farther classified into the normal’ and the pathological’ . Durkheim classifies societal facts under these two classs in order to exemplify the coercive nature of societal facts and how society has been shaped to perpetuate and implement them. Normal societal facts refer to those which conform to given standards while pathological societal facts refer to those which ought’ to be different ( Durkheim 47 ) . Normal societal facts are those most widely happening in the society in inquiry and map in such a manner that their presence maintains societal order and accepted societal life. Durkheim farther posited that for a societal fact to be considered normal. it would lend to the wellness of a society. as mentioned earlier. it maintains accepted societal procedures. it promotes and is of course consistent with recognized societal norms. The obscure nature of this definition and its subjectiveness was borne from Durkheim’s end of seeking to contextualize and take into consideration the diverseness of societal life across different civilizations and societies. This implies the being of facts that are produced to command people to move in conformity to accepted norms and values. and the being of facts whose intent is to exemplify what is a divergence from the previously-mentioned recognized norms and values. The feature of societal facts that posits a force that coerces people to adhere to them is what required Durkheim to do this classification. He defined societal facts as things. as worlds. and therefore he would seek to specify the normal and the unnatural things and worlds that are placed under the sphere of what are considered social’ . If societal facts exist outside the person and are imposed upon him. what of the phenomenon that occur which are divergences from the norm. how are these to be explained as sociological when they do non adhere to society? Pathological societal facts are therefore things or worlds that occur in less instances than the normal societal facts to demo that these things are what are considered abnormal’ or have some signifier of morbidity’ that characterizes them as divergences. Durkheim compared this analogy with physiological surveies. which first trade with a healthy. normal’ human organic structure and so would analyze the abnormalities’ of the organic structure. the possible symptoms and causes of illness or morbidity’ . As the physiologist surveies diseases within the human organic structure. so does a sociologist survey the pathological or morbid’ phenomenon that occurs outside the individual’s consciousness. Another statement that Durkheim presents in specifying the normal societal fact is that normal’ phenomena are frequently present non because of societal norms and values but because of logical necessity. He argues that normal facts differ across species. but these facts are present largely because the species has to accommodate to its environment and are necessary ( Durkheim 60 ) Rejecting other definitions of normal facts. Durkheim posited that normal facts are comparative to the specific species in inquiry during a specific clip in its evolutional stage. Normal facts are hence non lasting nor are they cosmopolitan. He emphasizes this because of his old statements that because of the normality and frequence of these facts they are attributed to be superior in nature. Durkheim decides what constitutes normal’ societal facts by measuring the causal conditions that govern a certain fact. If. at a certain point in the society’s development. the societal fact is acceptable. so the fact is normal. An illustration would be the pattern of a miss inquiring a male child to prosecute in a societal. romantic relationship with her. In these modern times. this is considered a normal fact because of the rise of female authorization and liberalism. However. if this societal fact was to be classified during the Renaissance period. it would hold been classified as unnatural. because adult females did non bask authorization or the same power they enjoy today. A societal fact’s nature is intrinsic to society’s norms and causal maps that create it at a certain point in clip. and non with the broadness of happening or moral acceptableness. Durkheim takes into history how societal facts may alter their nature as normal and pathological over clip. particularly through the procedure of development. After holding established by observation that a peculiar fact is general. he will travel back to the conditions which determined this generalization in the yesteryear and will so look into whether these conditions are still given in the present or if. on contrary they have changed. ( Durkheim 61 ) Contention between the two types of societal fact and the unsmooth definition that Durkheim posited may be seen in the presence of offense within a society. Crime. at first glimpse would be characterized as a pathological societal fact. as it would have morbidity and abnormalcy. This is a common perceptual experience that all criminologists would adhere to. However. offense is posited by Durkheim as a normal societal fact. Durkheim showed that offense is present in all societies but in different signifiers. as normal and pathological facts differ across societies and evolutionary stages ( 65 ) . He farther stated that even in societies where offense rate is high and incidences rampant. a alteration may happen depending on the future province of the society which will decrease the rate of normality of offense ( 66 ) . Crime for Durkheim is separate and different from condemnable behaviour and condemnable Acts of the Apostless. since these are able to be explained on degrees other than on the societal. Therefore Durkheim posited that the act of making a condemnable title is non what is normal. but the presence of offense within society which is normal ( 67 ) . The presence of divergences from the norm may be seen in all societies. but since the act in itself is brought about by psychological grounds and other factors that may be evident on the single degree. condemnable behaviour may be portion sociological and portion psychological. Crime is posited to be variant and subjective across civilizations and societies. and is ever present no affair how stiff the norms in a society are. Crime is defined in a society based on the norms and values it holds in importance. Durkheim’s collective conscience’ that governs society is what is held responsible for specifying the condemnable act. Again. in an attempt to take into history the diverseness of societies. Durkheim posits offense as subjective and dependent on societal norms. with the degree of tolerance of the society in inquiry ordering what is considered offense and what is considered deviant or funny behaviour worthy or mere ridicule and oddness. Crime is ever present in any society no affair how ordered and stiff it is. but with the higher control nowadays in a society. the degree of the edification of offense and the elaborateness and attempt used in perpetrating a condemnable act additions every bit good. in relation to the trouble in offense committee. Statisticss may so be inferred by the pupil to be one concrete manifestation of a societal fact because of its nature of depicting tendencies and societal phenomenon. but Durkheim posited otherwise. He posited that statistics is used to stand for the collective mind’ which is the amount of the single instances that adhere to societal facts. whether normal or pathological. Statistics is used to insulate these specific tendencies. Though single instances no uncertainty have other extenuating biological and psychological factors for happening. statistics provides a manner to neutralize or extinguish the individualistic factors that may represent the instances as non within the kingdom of sociology. Durkheim justifies the normality of offense in a given society by mentioning that there is non society where offense is non present. Condemnable Acts of the Apostless are ever regarded with negative sentiments in any society ( Durkheim 66 ) . However. Durkheim showed that the presence of offense affirms the normal societal facts. that it enforces the normal by bing as a beginning of penalty for its ain committee. In a society that has the strictest and most stiff construction of regulations and normal fact that must be adhered to at all times. offense is non wholly eliminated but really more evident. more frowned-upon and more to a great extent sanctioned. Therefore. the presence of offense is considered normal and the committee of condemnable Acts of the Apostless is pathological. With all this said about the societal fact. the thought of a social system’ would make some contentions. Social facts are thought to emanate from the social degree through a corporate consciousness. where the person is forced to conform and adhere to. A societal system would connote that the relationship between persons and society would non be so additive and nonreversible. A societal system would connote that as society exerts a force on the person. so does an single upon society. Durkheim’s collective consciousness’ would so be debunked as an semblance which is perpetuated in society. A systems model for sociological survey would so take into consideration the consequence of persons in society as societal establishments and constructions that are composed of persons. Durkheim’s theory on societal fact would so be debunked as emanating from an semblance and would lose its objectiveness and its feature of being grounded on world. Durkheim. Emile. The Rules of Sociological Method. New York: The Free Press. 1938.

Paper on Leading Intergenerational Groups and Interpersonal Skills for Research

On Leading Intergenerational Groups and Interpersonal Skills for Leaders - Research Paper Example From this point of view, it is rather difficult to evaluate the success of a leader in regard to his ability to lead intergenerational groups. However, there are certain facts that indicate the potentials of a leader to lead successfully such groups. In accordance with Haight and Gibson (2005) the successful leadership of intergenerational groups can be identified through a series of positive outcomes: ‘a) amelioration of suffering, b) overcoming of disability, c) the chance for new experiences of self-fulfillment and so on’ (Haight and Gibson 2005, p.92). The above outcomes are related to the healthcare sector but they can be used as criteria for developing similar assumptions in regard to leadership in other sectors. Hickman (2009) refers to the differences of generations, as these differences are highlighted in the social psychology. Reference is made specifically to the view of Karl Mannheim, a social scientist, who has studied the different responses of generations to various social phenomena. In accordance with Mannheim, people belonging to a particular generation are likely to have common values and attitudes; moreover, ‘people who have born in the time period between two different generations they are likely to incorporate the values and attitudes of both generations’ (Hickman 2009, p.475). ... The management of intergenerational groups can be quite challenging when referring to the state. In fact, it has been proved that the introduction of appropriate policies for addressing the needs of intergenerational groups within a particular state requires the full understanding of each group’s needs, potentials and attitudes. This issue is highlighted in the study of Dannefer (2010). In the above study, emphasis is given on the potential effects of failures in leading intergenerational groups at state level. It is suggested that intergenerational programs would be employed for ensuring that the needs of all the groups are addressed (Dannefer 2010). In accordance with Dannefer (2010) the incorporation of intergenerational programs by state is limited, usually related only to schools and communities, a fact that decreases the benefits of these programmes for a high portion of the population. The use of intergenerational programs as an effective means for leading intergenerati onal groups is also highlighted in the study of Kaplan (1998). It is noted however that these programs can be effective only under the following term: that they are expanded in all sectors, including educational, cultural and economic activities. Moreover, it is suggested that these programs would be developed at different levels of the state, especially the communities (Kaplan 1998). The support of these programs by the state would be a critical term for their success (Kaplan 1998). 2. Interpersonal skills for leaders Different approaches have been used in order to explain the key characteristics of a successful leader. In accordance with the most common view, technical

The Brand Identity Worksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Brand Identity Worksheet - Essay Example Excellence in craftsmanship Durability Difference in design from other brands Relevant with changing trends Excellence, Perfection and Exclusivity (Rolex.com, 2012,p3) Luxury Items and Luxury watches Pioneers of perpetual self winding springs, pioneers of the oyster shell waterproof technology, the first company to be Kew ‘A’ certified. (Rolex.com, 2012,p3)They are masters of perfection in watch works. Perfection, durability, accuracy, precision, world class customer support, prestige and recognition. (Rolex.com, 2012,p3) Class, Social status, Jazzy style statement, Affluent life style, brand-conscious The brand uses authoritative language in that they are the masters of perfection and the first in the business to make wrist watches that achieved impeccable perfection Be specific The text is in white against a green background with a crown in golden colour. Visual style is old-school, aristocratic and symbolic of something which is an antique. Visual style is monarchic, commanding, clear and distinct A crown for every achievement Eric Clapton, Vijay Amritraj - the ambassadors for Rolex.

Existentialism Essay Essay Example for Free

Existentialism Essay Essay Ever wonder why we have the term â€Å"free will† or where it originated? People believe that an individual can discover themselves as a person and choose how to live by the decisions they make; well this is where the word existentialism comes into play. Existentialism has been around since the early nineteenth century with Soren Kierkegaard’s philosophical and theological writings which, in the twentieth century, would be recognized as existentialism. The term was first coined by Gabriel Marcel, the French philosopher and later adopted by Jean-Paul Sartre, Friedrich Nietzsche and other philosophers for whom human existence were key philosophical topics; but Kierkegaard is known as the â€Å"Father of Existentialism†. Existentialism proposes that man is full of anxiety and despair with no meaning in his life, simply existing, until he made a decisive choice about the future. That is the way to achieve dignity as a human being. Existentialists felt that adopting a social or political cause was one way of giving purpose to life. Since then, existentialism has been used by writers such as Hamlet, Voltaire, Henry David Thoreau, in Buddha’s teachings, and more. Throughout the years, existentialism has been viewed from various lenses to express different ideas, emotions, as well as to expand the thought process of readers, movie go’ers, and theater lovers everywhere and has been excessively used in Kurt Vonnegut’s anti-war novel Slaughterhouse Five, Samuel Beckett’s play Waiting for Godot, and in the movie Inception. Existentialism is a concept that became popular during the Second World War in France, and just after it. French playwrights have often used the stage to express their views about anything going on in the world. There were hidden meanings that were common throughout the period so that plays would be able to pass without being banned or censored. One who wrote best-selling novels, plays and widely read journalism as well as theoretical texts during this period was Jean-Paul Sartre. Sartre had been imprisoned in Germany in 1940 but managed to escape and become one of the leaders of the Existential movement in France. Sartre dealt with existentialist themes in his 1938 novel Nausea and the short stories in his 1939 collection The Wall, and had published his treatise on existentialism, Being and Nothingness in 1943, but it was in the two years following the liberation of Paris from the German occupying forces that he and his close associate became internationally famous as the leading figures of a movement known as existentialism. A major theme throughout his writings was freedom and responsibility. One other extremely popular writer and playwright during the same time as Sartre, as well as a close friend, was Albert Camus. In a short amount of time, Camus and Sartre became the leading public intellectuals of post-war France achieving, by the end of 1945, a fame that reached across all audiences. (Existential Primer: Albert Camus) Camus rejected the existentialist label and considered his works to be concerned with facing the absurd. In the Titular book, Camus uses the analogy of the Greek myth of Sisyphus to demonstrate the futility of existence. In the myth, Sisyphus is condemned for eternity by the gods to roll a rock up a hill; when he reaches the summit, the rock will roll to the bottom again. Camus believes that this existence is pointless yet Sisyphus ultimately finds meaning and purpose in his task, simply by continually applying himself to it. For Camus, this related heavily to everyday life, and he saw Sisyphus an absurd hero, with a pointless existence. Camus felt that it was necessary to wonder what the meaning of life was and that the human being longed for some sense of clarity in the world, since if the world were clear, art would not exist. (Existential Primer: Albert Camus) The Myth of Sisyphus became a prototype for existentialism in the theatre and eventually inspired Beckett to write Waiting for Godot. In Beckett’s Waiting for Godot, existentialism manifests itself in a few ways; the frustration of trying to understand the meaning in life, the continued repetition seen throughout the play, and the inability to act. What remains archetypal in Waiting for Godot, concerning the absurdist metaphor is the way in which each character relies on the other for comfort, support, and most of all, meaning. Vladimir and Estragon desperately need one another in order to avoid living a lonely and meaningless life. The two together functions as a metaphor for survival, like the characters that proceed and follow them, they feel compelled to leave one another, but at the same time compelled to stay together. They consider parting, but, in the end, never actually part. Andrew Kennedy explains these rituals of parting saying, each is like a rehearsed ceremony, acted out to lessen the distance between time present and the ending of the relationship, which is both dreaded and desired(57). Therefore, Vladimir and Estragons inability to leave each other is just another example of the uncertainty and frustration they feel as they wait for an explanation of their existence. One of the most prevalent themes in Waiting for Godot is Estragon and Vladimir’s inability to act. When Estragon says â€Å"Let’s go†, Vladimir says â€Å"We can’t†¦ We’re waiting for Godot† (page 7). They are not even sure that Godot will come, or that they are waiting at the right place. Even if he doesn’t come, they plan to wait indefinitely. Even if he doesn’t come, they plan to wait indefinitely. After witnessing Pozzo’s cruelty to Lucky, Vladimir and Estragon are outraged. Yet they are still unable to do anything to improve Lucky’s situation. Pozzo lets Estragon and Vladimir know that they do not have control over their immediate future or even their distant future. When talking about the mysterious twilight, Estragon and Vladimir relate to waiting for Godot. So long as they know what to expect, waiting is their only course of action. Since Estragon and Vladimir can never make a decisive choice about what they want to do or about their future, their life seems to have no meaning.

Nanotechnology Essay -- Cause Effect Papers

Nanotechnology Jeremy Rifkin wrote, in his article Biotech Century: Playing Ecological Roulette with Mother Natures Design, "Humans have been remaking the Earth for as long as we have had a history." Well the path of history humans have chosen to take also affects how we remake the Earth. In Neal Stephensons novel, The Diamond Age, one is shown how the technology of the time reshapes the political, economical and educational aspects of history. That technology is the manipulation of molecules into atomic-sized machines called nano-machines. Stephenson brilliantly shows how such a powerful and truly revolutionary technology like nanotechnology could change life, as we now know it, or they in the future know life. Nanotechnology, as nanotechnology exists in The Diamond Age, is well developed and highly used. Matter compilers use nanotechnology to make most mass-produced consumer products, and most matter compilers are powered by resource suppliers called Feeds. Those who control the Feeds control nan otechnology and have a great amount of political and economical power. These same individuals or groups of individuals called phyles usually represent those who hold most the wealth and political sway in the world. That power and wealth then causes the wealthy citizen or phyle to take for granted what they have so well. Such things include the best education, the nicest material possessions, inheritance, and even responsibility. However, what if that same technology that made the privileged, the privileged, was given to the masses, rich or poor, with the tools and talents to implement such technology? In a sense, making that same power that the upper class took for granted a great equalizer for society to play around with. This is w... ...would be excluded from nanotechnologys reach. Political power could be created and destroyed in a day; education would no longer be a problem in a sense of the uneducated being a problem; the world would no longer seem to get smaller because we could make the world bigger if need be- and if there was no more room to expand out, we could always expand up. The power of nanotechnology might seem like a blessing, but if nanotechnology were really as capable as Neal Stephenson made it, then I would be putting in for assignment relocation- probably to a more primitive planet Works Cited Rifkin, Jeremy. Biotech Century: Playing Ecological Roulette with Mother Natures Design, The Presence of Others. 3rd Edition. Eds. Lunsford, Andrea. Ruszkiewicz. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins. 2000. (244-254) Stephenson, Neal. The Diamond Age. New York: Bantam Books. 1995.

Crime and Rival Gang Member Essay

The Outsiders tells a story about two kids named Johnny and Ponyboy who are in a gang called the Greasers. They live in a wrong doing world of gangs and fights. After Johnny protects Ponyboy by killing a rival gang member named Bob, the two boys run away. A young criminal named Dally helps them escape. After an incident with a burning church Johnny dies and Dally dies soon after because of the sorrow Johnny’s death caused him. In the novel The Outsiders, S. E Hinton demonstrates that violence can lead to nothing more than emotional hardships, crime, and death. The smallest act of crime can often lead to inner adversity. For instance, Johnny’s parents would beat him and left him feeling safer in a gang or in a parking lot. Due to the parents hurting Johnny he was forced to live a life in a gang, a life of crime, and violence. Johnny felt as if no cared and that even if he lived in a gang his parents wouldn’t do anything. Another example is when Darry hits Ponyboy for being late home and Ponyboy runs away. Darry â€Å"wheeled around and slapped (Ponyboy) so hard that it knocked (him) against the door,† that causes emotional tension that gets in the way of family. A small act of violence makes Ponyboy dash away from their home and create division between the two brothers. The final example is when Johnny dies and Ponyboy gets traumatized. The death of Johnny made Ponyboy so confused that he altered and denied reality. Ponyboy was significant on Ponyboy he wasn’t in the right mind for a while. Crime is frequently the result of an act of violence. The felony of Bob trying to kill Pony boy left Johnny having to kill him. ‘They put you in the electric chair for killing people,’ and it is only because violence was committed. The crime of Bob trying to kill Ponyboy resulted in his death. The gangs fought and did many illegal things that made them always on the look out for cops. Just because people may not like each other doesn’t mean crime need s to be committed. Most of the time crime is involved people get hurt. Lastly Dally robbed a grocery store and the cops ended up firing their weapons at him. When a misdeed happens it is either caused by violence or started with violence whether it’s the police or a gang. The felony Dally committed soon after cost him his life. One of the most cruel and harsh effects of felony is the consequence of death. One example is that Johnny gets beaten up by Socs and the next time they try and harm him he kills Bob. The fear that the Socs would hurt him resorted to Johnny killing Bob. A kid with a pocketknife who is scared to get hurt can lead to a devastation effect. Secondly is when Johnny dies in the fire. The murder of Bob made Johnny run away and directed him into feeling like he had to risk his life to save the kids in the church. Because Johnny was guilty with murder it sadly lead to his death. In the end of it all he died because of his act of violence to Bob. Lastly the message repeats itself when Dally dies out of sorrow of Johnny’s death. The death of one made Dally kill himself by pulling a gun on the cops. Johnny’s death was the cause and end of Dally’s. Violence is an action that can only end in pain and misery. Violence in today’s society would lead to the collapse of a civilized world. As the world advances with protection and security, less hostility will be shown and the world will become a better place for future generations. With all the progress in technology we shall never expel violence itself. Although violence won’t be destroyed, it is up to us to suppress or reduce death and acts of violence. The world needs to try and stop the terrible action from ever happening again.

China - The Epicenter of Overpopulation Essay example

China - The Epicenter of Overpopulation In 1999 the world population reached six billion. Roughly 200,000 lives have been added each day since then, about one small city a week. This population boom however, is not evenly distributed throughout the globe. In fact, many countries in Europe have experienced negative population growth in the last ten years. It is the developing nations of our world that are most responsible for the exponential increase the world has begun to experience. The busy-bodied human mind has rushed and hurried to find tech-fixs to sustain our ever growing population. The population should have hit a glass ceiling a few billion people ago, many argue that it has explaining the 1-2 billion people dying of†¦show more content†¦The population was further pushed when communist party leader Mao Zedong encouraged everyone to have as many children as possible. At this time, China was relatively weak and did not have much equipment in their military force, but Mao assured them that in the case of a p ossible war with Japan (which never happened) they would have numbers. In 1979 leader Deng Xiaoping recognized the disaster that Chinas population had become and implemented the one child policy. The one child policy in China stated that each couple would be allowed to have one child. The intention was that the birth rate would be immediately lowered and the population growth would slow. Cadres were spread throughout the country to regulate birth rates in the many rural villages and throughout the cities. There were exceptions to the policy; if the first born child of a couple was a girl, they were allowed to try for a boy. Additionally if two people remarried and had children from previous marriages they were allowed to have another child. In 93 China reported to the world that they had met their 10 year population quota. This shocked the world and investigations began on how the PRC could regulate population growth to the extent that they did. Slowly truths emerged about the alarming rates of abortion and sterilization. Today, abortion and sterilization are not as nearly wide spread and infanticide is relatively low.Show MoreRelatedCapitalism And The Need For Rebellion And Protest1731 Words   |  7 Pagescreate a profit, to do so they had to focus on â€Å"events that influenced day-to-day business and how the pursuit of profit affected people worldwide (Robbins 68). Up until this point Europe was the epicenter of global importance, with the expansion of international trade the importance shifted to China. Once the trade opportunities were becoming less profitable the only option was to continue with the discovery of the New World. With the New World and stronger emphasis was placed on colonies, EuropeanRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Railroad3488 Words   |  14 Pagesthe Railroad: As early as 1850, Chinese American immigrants began to arrive on the California shores . Rumors of the Gum Sham, the Mountain of Gold legend that stemmed from the 1850 California Gold Rush, reached the Canton province of China. Poverty and overpopulation in the Canton province led to the willing migration of these working class laborers. When these workers arrived, they were originally hired as indentured servants of sorts, taking five-year â€Å"stints† in the mines. After their contractRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesâ€Å"nuclear politics,† which encompasses both state initiatives and popular dissent, in former but diminished national great powers such as France and Great Britain and in emerging and aspiring high-tech states of very different sorts in Israel, India, and China. Equally impressive in terms of the global range of questions they include, Hecht and Edwards look at the impact of the nuclear nations’ quest for viable, stable sources of uranium and sites for testing nuclear devices in locales as disparate as